You won’t find a Jamf-level MDM for Linux with the same polish, but there are solid options depending on what you’re trying to control.
FleetDM is probably your best open-source bet. It uses osquery under the hood, works well cross-platform, and can give decent visibility and control over Linux endpoints. Self-hosted or cloud.
Scalefusion and SureMDM (42Gears) both support Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, RHEL, etc.). They offer remote access, patching, and kiosk mode — more complete MDM feature sets but commercial.
If you’re in a mixed environment, JumpCloud or ManageEngine Endpoint Central are worth looking at too. Both support Linux and are cloud-based.
Keep in mind Linux is still a second-class citizen in MDM land. 
Most of these solutions assume you’re okay managing via scripts or agents. There’s no silver bullet, but a combo of one of those with some automation tooling might be enough.