Question about high-dpi display problems

Can someone help me understand the following:

How does android (when it’s based on linux) use high dpi perfectly with variable refresh rates but full-blown linux distro’s still struggle with the same?

Let’s just keep linux outside , It’s a kernel

Your problem within the userland space,
which distro you were using
how it struggle to give you high dpi ?
which stack ! X11 or wayland compositor ?

Please make your questions more clear !

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I don’t think you can compare a smartphone display with a computer display